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In Turkey, an Imam Hatip school ((トルコ語:İmam Hatip Lisesi), 'hatip' coming from Arabic 'khatib', meaning ''the one who delivers the "khutba"'' (Friday sermon) is a secondary education institution. As the name suggests, they were originally founded in lieu of a vocational school to train government employed imams; after madrasas in Turkey were abolished by the Unification of Education Act ((トルコ語:Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu)) as a part of Atatürk's reforms. ==History== During the Ottoman Empire, a key objective of education was to raise 'good Muslims'. Thus there was a need for Islamic clerics, which was sustained through Islamic Theology Schools, called Madrasa.〔The study of the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (tr: ''Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakfı'' called İmam Hatip Liseleri: Efsaneler ve Gerçekler (Imam Hatip Schools: Legend and Reality) was published in October 2004. The 268-page document has an English summary (pages 39-53) and can be (downloaded as PDF-file ); accessed on 7 November 2012〕 In 1913 the ''Medresetü-l Himmeti ve Hutaba'' (Schools for Education of Islamic Clerics) and ''Medresetü-l Vaizin'' (Schools for Preachers) were combined to form the tangible origins of today's Imam Hatip high schools.〔 In 1924 the ''Tevhid-Tedrisat'' (Law of Unification of Educational Instruction) was passed, replacing existing pluralist modes of education with a secular, centralist and nationalist education system. The new law brought all educational institutions under the control of the Ministry of National Education. A Faculty of Theology at the ''Darülfünun'' (Istanbul University), special schools for training ''imams'' and ''hatips'' (ministers and preachers) were opened by the new Ministry of National Education. However, in 1933 the Faculty of Theology was abolished and Imam Hatip schools were discontinued due to a lack of student interest.〔 In contrast to the strict secularist nature of the education policy of the Republican People's Party religious education was reinstated in 1948. This included the establishment of a Faculty of Theology at the University of Ankara in 1949. First steps for the establishment of Imam Hatip schools began in 1951 under the Democrat Party government, which set up seven special secondary schools (''Imam Hatip Okulları''). In addition, in 1959 Islamic Institutes were opened for graduates of Imam Hatip schools.〔 Following the coup d'etat in 1960, Imam Hatip schools encountered the threat of closure. Following the return to civilian politics and the introduction of the new constitution in 1961, graduates of Imam Hatip schools could only enrol in university programmes if they had passed courses offered at secular schools. During the premiership of Süleyman Demirel however, graduates of Imam Hatip schools were given access to university without any such stringent requirements.〔 The 1971 Turkish coup d'état introduced two key reforms: firstly junior high Imam Hatip schools were abolished, and in 1973 Imam Hatip schools were renamed as Imam Hatip high schools. Under the subsequent National Education Basic Law, Imam Hatip schools were defined as vocational schools, where students were to be trained as preachers and ministers or prepared for higher education.〔 Initially, Imam Hatip schools grew slowly, but their numbers expanded rapidly to 334 during the 1970s. The coalition government of 1974, established by the CHP (Republican People's Party) and the MSP (National Salvation Party), committed to reopen junior high schools and giving the right of entry to university through examination. 230 new Imam Hatip high schools were opened in a period of nearly four years. During the 1974-75 school year the number of students attending to the Imam Hatip high schools grew to 48,895. This number subsequently grew to 200,300 by 1980-81. In addition, females gained the right of entry to Imam Hatip high schools in 1976. The proliferation of Imam Hatip high schools is often cited as the effect of the National Salvation Party's membership of a number of coalitions with Nationalist Front governments.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「İmam Hatip school」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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